PN II Nr. ID-2241

 

APLICATII ALE GEOSTIINTELOR IN STUDIUL ARTEFACTELOR ARHEOLOGICE DIN ROMANIA

 

IDEI – Proiecte de cercetare exploratorie

Perioada: 2009-2011

Director:

Prof.univ.dr. Corina Ionescu (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul de Geologie) http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/geology/mineralogy/mineralogy.htm

 

Membrii echipei:

Prof.univ.dr. Viorica Simon (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul de Fizica) http://www.phys.ubbcluj.ro/catedre/fizbiomed/

Dr. Viorica Rusu-Bolindeţ (Muzeul National de Istorie a Transilvaniei Cluj-Napoca) http://www.istoria-transilvaniei.ro/Personal.aspx?id=2282

Dr. Carmen Precup (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul de Geologie) http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/geology/mineralogy/mineralogy.htm

Drd. Istvan Nagy-Korodi (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul de Geologie) http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/geology/mineralogy/mineralogy.htm

Drd. Otis Crandell (Universitatea Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul de Geologie) http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/geology/mineralogy/mineralogy.htm

 

 

 

Rezumat:

In Romania exista o cantitate enorma de artefacte arheologice (ceramica si unelte litice), foarte putin studiate din punctul de vedere al geostiintelor. Proiectul va urmari obiective majore, in concordanta cu tendintele actuale si vor fi dezvoltate noi abordari ale studiului artefactelor prin:

a)      Studii de detaliu ale mineralogiei si relatiilor dintre faze in ceramica, pe baza de analize de microsonda electronica;

b)      Aplicarea metodelor petrologiei metamorfice in studiul proceselor tehnologice (pirometamorfism) ceramice (ceramica privita ca o roca artificiala); studiul de detaliu al proceselor termice va schimba intelegerea tehnologiei de obtinere a ceramicii;

c)      Utilizarea geochimiei globale (bulk-rock) pentru artefactele ceramice;

d)      Aplicarea pe scara larga a studiilor granulometrice in clasificarea ceramicii pe categorii de finete;

e)      Utilizarea geotermometriei-geobarometriei si datarii pentru uneltele litice.

Proiectul are un caracter clar interdisciplinar, combinand metode analitice (mineralogice, petrografice, geochimice si fizice) in scopul investigarii artefactelor arheologice. Cele trei grupe mari de date obtinute, respectiv ceramica, litice si materii prime (surse geologice) vor fi integrate in baza de date europeana (LUPA). Studiul proceselor post-depozitionale (ingroparea artefactelor in sol pentru mai mult de 1000 de ani) conduce la intelegerea unor procese de alterare, necesara in conservarea si restaurarea unor obiecte istorice. Vor rezulta cunostinte noi despre societatile stravechi, cum ar fi varsta, nivel cultural si tehnologic, drumuri comerciale. Vor fi studiate artefacte provenind de la situri din Romania, printre care Napoca, Apulum, Alburnus Major, Potaissa, Cucuteni, Limba-Alba, Suplacu de Barcau,  Seini. Proiectul are si o componenta internationala prin colaborarile vizate in domeniul microsondei electronice, analizelor geochimice globale si utilizarii bazei de date LUPA.

 

Abstract: 

 In Romania, an enormous quantity of archaeological artefacts (ceramics and lithic tools) is available. These remnants are very little studied in terms of geosciences. The project follows major goals according to actual trends. New methods and new approaches to the study of artefacts will be developed:

a)      New way to look into the detailed mineralogy and relations among phases in the ceramics, based on microprobe analyses;

b)      Application of metamorphic petrology methods in  studying technological processes (pyrometamorphism) underwent by ceramics (an “artificial” rock). The study of small-scale thermal processes will change the understanding of manufacturing ceramics;

c)      „Bulk ceramic” geochemistry for ceramics artefacts;

d)      Large scale application of granulometric studies for ceramics classification (finenness);

a)      Geothermometry-geobarometry and dating in case of lithic tools.

The project has a clear interdisciplinary character, combining the analythical methods (mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical and physics) methods to investigate archaeological artefacts (ceramics, lithic tools). The three data groups: ancient ceramics, lithic tools and raw materials (geological sources) will be incorporated into an unique european database (lupa). The study of the postdepositional processes (burial of artefacts in the soil for more than 1000 years) leads to a better understanding of weathering processes, useful for the conservation and restoration of historical objects. Knowledge about ancient societies, such as their age, cultural and technological level, commercial routes will result. The research will be carried out in many sites along Romania e.g. Napoca, Apulum, Alburnus Major, Potaissa, Cucuteni, Limba-Alba, Suplacu de Barcau, Seini a.o. The project has a strong international component reflected by the joint work on microprobe and geochemical analyses and the application of LUPA database.

 

Objective:

1)  Analiza comprehensiva a ceramicii si uneltelor litice, in cooperare interdisplinara intre geostiinte, fizica, chimie, arheologie.

2)  Determinarea compozitiei fazelor ceramice pe baza analizelor XRD, EMP, SEM si TEM, EPR precum si spectroscopie FT-IR si Raman.

3). Ameliorarea clasificarii finetei ceramicii.

4)  Determinarea compozitiei uneltelor litice.

5)  Identificarea surselor posibile de materii prime pentru ceramica, unelte litice si alte artefacte arheologice.

6) Studiul proceselor post-depozitionale care afecteaza artefactele arheologice.

7) Stabilirea unui sistem de baze de date pentru ceramica arheologica, unelte litice si materii prime, pe baza sistemului LUPA/Proiectul Culture EU-2000.

Objectives:

1)  Comprehensive analyses of ceramic and lithic artefacts done in an interdisciplinary cooperation of geosciences, physics and chemistry.

2)  Ceramics phases identification based on XRD, EMP, SEM and TEM, FT-IR, EPR and Raman spectroscopy.

3)  Improvement of the granulometric classification of ceramics.

4)  Studies on the mineralogical and petrographic composition of the lithic tools.

5)  Identification of the possible geological sources used as raw materials used for ceramics, lithic tools and other archaeological artefacts.

6) The study of the post-depositional processes affecting the archaeological artefacts.

7) The database system for archaeological ceramics, lithic tools and raw materials will be designed on the basis of the LUPA/Culture 2000 EU-Project.

 

 

 

Realizari anul I:

 

A.1. LUCRARI IN JURNALE COTATE ISI

1. Ionescu, C., Hoeck, V. & Ghergari, L. (2010):  Electron microprobe analysis on ancient ceramics. Case studies from Romania. Applied Clay Science (ISI, F.I./2008 = 2.005; F.I./5 ani = 2.492); Manuscris no. CLAY2738 (submitted 30.10.2009, in review.  ; revised 04.2010  ; minor revision/11.05.2010

 

A.2. LUCRARI IN JURNALE DIN B.D.I.

1.  Hoeck, V., Ionescu, C., Ghergari, L. & Precup, C. (2009): Towards mineralogical and geochemical reference groups for some Bronze Age ceramics from Transylvania (Romania). Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, 54 (2), p. 41-51.  http://services.bepress.com/geologia/vol54/iss2/art8/

2.  Vulpoi, A., Ionescu, C. & Simon, V. (2009): Specific surface area of heat treated illitic mineral clay. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Physica, LIV (1), p. 11-16.

 http://www.studia.ubbcluj.ro/arhiva/cuprins.php?id_editie=447&serie=PHYSICA&nr=1&an=2009

3.  Tamasan. M., Mocuta, H., Ionescu, C. & Simon, V. (2009): Structural changes induced in mineral clays by high temperature heat treatments. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Physica, LIV (2), p. 3-8.

4.   Crandell, O. (2009): Romanian Lithotheque Project: Knappable stone resources in the Mures Vally, Romania. In: Ionescu, C., Bedelean, H. & Hoeck, V. (eds.), Geology for society: Education and cultural heritage. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia, Sp. Is., p. 79-80.

5.  Nagy-Korodi, I., Weiszburg, T., Szakmany, G., Ionescu, C., Varga, G. & Kasztovszky, Z. (2009): Neolithic polished axes from NW Romania (Micula, Satu Mare Country) – a mineralogical, geochemical and petrographic study. In: Ionescu, C., Bedelean, H. & Hoeck, V. (eds.), Geology for society: Education and cultural heritage. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia, Sp. Is., p. 91-92.

 

A.3. EDITARE DE VOLUME

  1. Ionescu, C. & Hoeck, V. (eds.) (2009): Geology for society: Education and cultural heritage. The 16th Meeting of the Association of European Geological Societies, July 9-13, 2009, Cluj-Napoca. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia, 54 (1), 64 p.  http://services.bepress.com/geologia/vol54/iss1/
  2. Ionescu, C. & Hoeck, V. (eds.) (2009): Geology for society: Education and cultural heritage. The 16th Meeting of the Association of European Geological Societies, July 9-13, 2009, Cluj-Napoca. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, 54 (2), 51 p. http://services.bepress.com/geologia/vol54/iss2/
  3. Ionescu, C., Bedelean, H. & Hoeck, V. (eds.) (2009): Geology for society: Education and cultural heritage. Proceedings of the 16th Meeting of the Association of European Geological Societies, July 9-13, 2009, Cluj-Napoca. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia, Special Issue, 203 p.

 

A.4. ABSTRACTE IN VOLUME DE CONFERINTE INTERNATIONALE

  1. Rusu-Bolindeţ, V., Ionescu, C., Ghergari, L. & Simon, V. (2009): Locally-produced Roman pottery from Napoca. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Sp. Is., p. 98.
  2. Nagy-Korodi, I., Gal, A., Ionescu, C. & Szakacs, Al. (2009): Provenance studies of the building stones used for the Calvary Church (Cluj-Napoca, Romania). Mitteilungen Osterreichishen Mineralogische Gesselshaft, 155, p. 110.
  3. Pop, D., Ionescu, C., Benea, M., Tamas, C. & Forray, F. (2009): Electron microprobe data on Rosia Montana (Apuseni Mountains) gold: towards a database for identifying ancient artefacts. Mitteilungen Osterreichishen Mineralogische Gesselshaft, 155, p. 131.  
  4. Ionescu, C. & Hoeck, V. (2009): Pre- and post-firing minerals in ancient ceramics. Mitteilungen Osterreichishen Mineralogische Gesselshaft, 155, p. 69.
  5. Ionescu, C. & Hoeck, V. (2009): Electron Microprobe Analyses on ancient ceramics. Case studies from Romania. Proceedings of the 14th International Clay Conference Italy, June 14-28, 2009, Vol. I. Oral sessions, p. 44.

 

A.5. CAPITOLE IN CARTI

1. Ionescu, C., Ghergari, L. & Precup, C. (2009): Studii mineralogice si petrografice asupra caramizilor descoperite la Frumuseni-Bizere: materii prime si tehnologie de prelucrare. In: Rusu, A.A. (ed.), Manastirea Bizere. Vol. I. Editura Mega Cluj-Napoca, 300 p. (in print). ISBN 978-606-543-031-0.

2. Rusu-Bolindet, V. & Onofrei, C. (2009): Castrul si vicus-ul militar de la Razboieni-Cetate. Noi date privind evolutia trupei si cultura ei materiala. In: Rusu-Bolindet, V., Salagean, T. & Varga, R. (eds.), In honorem Magistri Dorin Alicu. Studia Archaeologica et Historica. Editura Argonaut Cluj-Napoca. 30 p. text, 8 pl. 

3. Rusu-Bolindet, V. (2009): Pottery workshops from Roman Dacia. In: Drehscheibentoeferei im Barbaricum. Technologietransfer und Professionalisierung eines Handwerks am Rande des Römischen Reichs. Bonn. 27 p.  text, 12 pl., 2 tabele (in print).  

 

A.6. GHID EXCURSIE

1. Ionescu, C., Hoeck, V., Tamas, C. & Balica, C. (2009): MAEGS-16 Field trip guide: Geology of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania). Presa Universitara Clujeana/Cluj University Press, 31 p., ISBN 978-973-610-913-3.

 

 

B. DIFUZARE DE REZULTATE

Prezentarea unui numar de 9 comunicari la manifestari stiintifice internationale:

a.  14th International Clay Conference, Castallanetta Marina – Italia (12-16 Iunie 2009)

            (1 comunicare oral)  http://www.14icc.org/download/PROGRAM/CE.pdf)

b. 16th Meeting of Association of European Geological Societies, Cluj-Napoca - Romania (9-13 Iulie 2009) (1 comunicare oral, 3 postere)

http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/maegs16/files/MAEGS16%20Program.pdf)

c.  MinPet 2009 & 4th Mineral Sciences in the Carpathians Conference (MSCC), Budapesta, Ungaria (7-11 Septembrie 2009)

(1 comunicare oral, 2 postere)  http://www.minpet2009mscc.org/?my_view=nice&p=menu_loap

d. Drehscheibentöpferei im Barbaricum (International Colocvium, 11-13 iunie 2009,  Bonn, Germania (1 comunicare oral).

http://www.vfgarch.uni-bonn.de/forschung-1/konferenzen/tagung-drehscheibentoepferei.pdf

 

 

C. ALTE ACTIVITATI

·   The 20th Meeting of International Mineralogical Association - Budapest 2010, organizat de Ungaria, Austria, Cehia, Romania, Slovacia si Polonia (C. Ionescu – membra in  International Organizing Committee http://www.ima2010.hu/?my_view=nice&p=5-2)

·   The 20th Meeting of International Mineralogical Association - Budapest 2010:  organizarea si managementul sesiunii stiintifice CULTURAL HERITAGE: Composition, technology and provenance of archaeological artifacts: an archaeometric perspective (Conveneri: C. Ionescu – Romania, Isabella Memmi Turbanti – Italia si Cristina Bellelli – Argentina). http://www.ima2010.hu/?my_view=nice&p=5-2; (49 abstracte: 19 oral, 30 poster)

·   Conferinta internaţionala: MinPet 2009 & MSCC-Mineral Sciences in the Carpathians Conference  (http://www.minpet2009mscc.org/?my_view=nice&p=menu_left_11), Budapesta 7-11 Sept. 2009 (membru in comitetul de organizare si convener: C. Ionescu).

·   Cursul „Introduction in the mineralogy and petrography of ancient ceramics” (Universitatea Paris Marne la Valee, Ianuarie 2010 - http://www.univ-mlv.fr/master_geoenv/erasmus2010.html

·   Cursul „Introduction in the mineralogy and petrography of ancient ceramics” (Universitatea Salzburg/Austria, Departamentul de Arheologie, Decembrie 2009) 

·   Invited lecture “Bronze Age ceramics from Transylvania: chemistry and microprobe analyses” (Universitatea Salzburg/Austria, Departamentul de Geografie-Geologie, 10 Decembrie 2009)